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Single sign-on: one login, and the questions to ask before you buy it

SSO removes a password per service and concentrates risk in one place. That trade is usually worth making — provided the identity provider itself is protected better than the accounts behind it.

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Single sign-on lets people authenticate once with an identity provider and reach every connected application without logging in again. For the person it removes a dozen passwords; for the business it puts joining, leaving and access changes in one place instead of a dozen.

It also concentrates risk deliberately. One account now opens everything, which is an improvement if that account is protected with phishing-resistant authentication and a disaster if it is protected with a reused password. The trade is generally worth making, and only when you make the second half of it too.

What it actually buys you

  • Offboarding that works. Disabling one account closes every connected application at once, which is the single strongest argument and the one most businesses discover only after a messy departure.
  • Consistent authentication policy. Two-factor requirements, session length and device rules are enforced once rather than configured per service, badly.
  • Fewer passwords, therefore fewer reused ones — the underlying problem discussed in password policy.
  • An audit trail of who accessed what and when, in one place.
  • Faster onboarding, since access follows from group membership rather than from a series of invitations.

What to ask before adopting it

  1. Which of your applications actually support it, and on what plan. Many products put SSO behind an enterprise tier at a large step in price — budget for that, not for the identity provider alone.
  2. What happens when the identity provider is down. Ask for a break-glass account with its own credentials, stored offline, and test it before you need it.
  3. How deprovisioning works in practice. SSO stops new logins; it does not always terminate existing sessions or revoke API tokens, which is a gap people assume is closed.
  4. Whether the provider supports phishing-resistant factors — passkeys or hardware keys — since everything now depends on that one login, as discussed in two factor authentication.
  5. What the recovery path is for a locked-out administrator. This is the question that turns an outage into a crisis.

SSO does not remove the need to review access. It makes access easier to grant and therefore easier to over-grant, and group membership tends to accumulate. The periodic review described in access control policy matters more after adopting single sign-on, not less — the mechanism that made joining easy made leaving-a-team invisible.

The vocabulary, briefly

SAML and OIDC are the two protocols you will meet; OIDC is the more modern and is what most newer products implement. SCIM is a separate standard for provisioning — creating and disabling accounts automatically — and is what actually delivers the offboarding benefit above. A product supporting SSO but not SCIM still requires somebody to remove the account by hand, which is worth knowing before assuming the problem is solved. Social login is not the same thing: signing in with a consumer account is convenient and does not give a business control over the identity.

Whether a small business needs it

Below roughly ten people, a shared password manager with unique credentials and two-factor authentication everywhere achieves most of the security benefit at a fraction of the cost and complexity. SSO earns its place when the number of people times the number of applications becomes unmanageable by hand, or when a customer or auditor requires it. It is worth being honest that the second reason is often the real one.

Where Ettex fits

Ettex Teams holds who is on the team and what they can reach, and account-level sign-in supports passkeys — the phishing-resistant option that any SSO deployment should be paired with. The surrounding policy documents are access control policy and information security policy.

Being direct about the boundary: we do not provide an identity provider, and enterprise SSO federation is not something to assume is present — check the current plan details rather than inferring from this article. What is described here is how to evaluate the decision, not a product claim.

Frequently asked

What is single sign-on?

Authenticating once with an identity provider and reaching every connected application without logging in again, with access managed centrally.

Is SSO more secure than separate passwords?

Usually yes, because it removes reused passwords and centralises policy — but only if the identity provider itself uses phishing-resistant authentication, since one account now opens everything.

What is the difference between SSO and SCIM?

SSO handles authentication; SCIM handles provisioning — creating and disabling accounts. Without SCIM, offboarding may still require removing accounts by hand.

Does a small business need SSO?

Below about ten people, a shared password manager plus two-factor authentication delivers most of the benefit. SSO earns its cost as people times applications grows, or when a customer or auditor requires it.

AS
Written by Alex S.

Part of the Ettex team — writing about product, engineering and the future of work.

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